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What is a hybrid Car?

How Hybrid Cars Work?

What is a hybrid Car? Simply put, a hybrid combines at least one electric motor with a gasoline engine to propel the vehicle, and its system recaptures energy through regenerative braking.

What is a hybrid Car?

Sometimes the electric motor does all of the work, sometimes the gas engine, and sometimes both. As a result, less gasoline is consumed, resulting in improved fuel economy. In some cases, adding electric power can even improve performance.

Electricity is supplied via a high-voltage battery pack (separate from the car’s standard 12-volt battery) that is refilled by catching energy from deceleration that would otherwise be wasted due to heat created by the brakes in ordinary cars. (This is accomplished using the regenerative braking system.) The gas engine is also used to charge and maintain the battery in hybrids. Car manufacturers utilise various hybrid designs to achieve various goals, ranging from maximum fuel savings to keeping vehicle costs as low as feasible.

Type of Hybrid Vehicles

Parallel Hybrid

The electric motor(s) and gasoline engine are coupled in a shared gearbox that combines the two power sources in this most popular arrangement. This transmission could be automatic, manual, or continuously variable (CVT). A power-split CVT, which is employed by the Toyota Prius and Chevrolet Volt, is a popular hybrid transmission.

The key parameters that define how a parallel hybrid accelerates, sounds, and feels are the transmission type and the size of the gasoline engine. Toyota, Hyundai, Honda, Kia, Nissan, Lexus, Ford, Lincoln, and Infiniti are among the brands that adopt the parallel design.

Series Hybrid Car

The electric motor(s) produce all of the push in this arrangement, and there is never a physical mechanical connection between the engine and the wheels. The gasoline engine serves only to charge the battery. This results in a more electric-like driving feel, with smoother, more forceful acceleration. When the gasoline engine starts, there is usually less vibration.

However, because that engagement does not always occur in tandem with what your right foot is doing (remember, the battery is making the demands), the engine may be revving up while the car is travelling at a constant pace. Some people find this behaviour disturbing. A series hybrid is an example of a BMW i3 with a range extender.

Plug-In Hybrid

A plug-in hybrid expands on the traditional hybrid concept by incorporating a considerably larger battery pack that, like an electric car’s, must be fully recharged using an external power source—from your home, office, or public charging station.

This increased energy storage is analogous to a larger gas tank: It enables extended all-electric driving (ranging from 15 to 55 miles depending on model) and can greatly cut fuel consumption. In reality, if you have a short commute and charge your phone every night, you’ll be running on power the majority of the day. When the all-electric range is depleted, the car reverts to a normal parallel hybrid. The Chrysler Pacifica plug-in hybrid (shown above) is an example of a plug-in vehicle.

Mild Hybrids

All of the above are “full hybrids,” which means that the electric motor can move the car on its own, even if just for a short distance. It cannot happen in a “mild” hybrid. A mild hybrid’s electric motor, like that of a full hybrid, assists the gasoline engine to improve fuel economy, increase performance, or both. It also functions as the starter for the automatic start-stop system, which shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes to a halt to save gasoline.

Also Read: How to Test Car Batteries with a Multimeter?

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